- Fundamental Forces: There are four fundamental forces in nature: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear forces, each playing a crucial role in the universe’s functioning.
- Speed of Light: The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 299,792 kilometers per second (186,282 miles per second), making it the fastest thing in the universe.
- Quantum Mechanics: In quantum mechanics, particles can exist in multiple states at once, a phenomenon known as superposition. This is famously illustrated by Schrödinger’s cat thought experiment.
- Black Holes: Black holes are regions in space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. They are formed from collapsing stars and have significant implications for our understanding of physics.
- Time Dilation: According to Einstein’s theory of relativity, time passes more slowly in strong gravitational fields or at high speeds compared to areas of weaker gravity or lower speeds.
- Conservation Laws: The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. This principle underlies many physical processes.
- Higgs Boson: The Higgs boson, discovered in 2012, is often referred to as the “God particle” because it is associated with the mechanism that gives mass to other particles.
- Entropy: In thermodynamics, entropy is a measure of disorder in a system. The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy tends to increase over time, leading to the concept of the “arrow of time.”
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